Our Revision Notes for GSEB Class 9 Social Science Notes Chapter 19 India: Human Life summarises the key points of a chapter and useful resource to prepare effectively for the upcoming board exams.

India: Human Life Class 9 GSEB Notes Social Science Chapter 19

India: Human Life Class 9 GSEB Notes

→ Indian can be divided into four zones according to life style :Westem India, Northern India, Southern India, and Eastern India.

→ Life Style : Western India Major states of Western India are Rajasthan, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, and Goa. It also includes Union Territories of Diu – Daman, Dadra and Nagar Haveli.

→ Food : Staple food in Rajasthan is millet and dal-bati.

→ People living along the sea coasts of Gujarat, Maharashtra and Goa eat mainly rice and fish.

→ Dress : Rajasthan is a dry and desert area hence there is less diversity in vegetation.

→ Men generally wear dhoti, angarakhun and colourful head gear (Paghadi), while women put on sari, petticoat and blouse.

→ Traditional dress of men in Maharashtra is dhoti and paheran and a cap or a head gear on the head. Women wear sari in Maharashtrian way.

→ The traditional dress in Madhya Pradesh is similar to that of the neighbouring states of Gujarat and Maharashtra.
→ In Goa also. Men wear dhoti and paheran, and women wear sari, petticoat and blouse.

→ In Gujarat mainly men put on dhoti, Kurta, white cap or headgear (turban) on head, while women put on sari, petticoat and blouse.

Dwelling :

• There is less rainfall in Rajasthan due to deserts, so most of the houses have flat top.
• Rural people have in the houses made of grass and soil.
• People in Gujarat live in modem type of buildings made from brick – cement.
• In Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh and Goa also, urban people live in well laid out houses with many modem amenities.
• Roofs of the buildings in Konkan, which receives heavy rainfall, are slant.

Language :

• Rajasthani people mainly speak Hindi while Marwadi language is spoken in Marwad.
• Gujarati is the main language of people in Gujarat, kachchhi dialect is spoken in Kachchh.
• Hindi is main language in Madhya Pradesh. Marathi and Konkani are also languages spoken in Maharashtra and Goa respectively.

Festivals and Holy Days : Rajasthan has peculiar type of folk songs and folk dance.

• Ghummar, kachchighodi and Kalbelia are very famous folk dances of Rajasthan.
• Gujarat is world famous for her raas – garba.
• Maharashtra celebrates Ganesh Chaturthi festival w ith great pomp.
• Besides, its Lavni dance is also very famous.
• In Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh, the Shiv Ratri is celebrated with much enthusiasm.
• People in Western India celebrate festivals like Diwali, Navratri, Shivratri, Dashera, Ganesh Chaturthi, Eid, Moharram, Christmas,Mahavir Jayanti, Peteti, Chetti Chand, Buddha Jayanti etc.

Fairs :

• Pushkar in Rajasthan and Siddhpur in Gujarat are known for their camel trade on Kartik Pumima (Ful moon day). A fairs for trading donkeys is also very famous in Gujarat.
• Other famous fairs in Gujarat are Tametar Fair near Thangadh, Bhavnaath Fair in Junagadh and Dang Darbar Fair anch Dangs.
• Ujjain in Madhya Pradesh and Nasik in Maharashtra are famous for holding Ardha Kumbha Fair and Goa for Carnivals.

Life Style – North India
• North India includes the states of Punjab, Haryana, Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Delhi etc.

Food :

• Wheat is the staple food in Punjab and Haryana.
• Punjabi people use tandoori roti made from wheat and a variety of parathas very frequently.
• Panir based mixed vegetables is a special choice of Punjabis.
• Lassi is a well known drink in Punjab.
• Main food of people from Jammu and Kashmir is rice, meat and fish.
• Roti, daal and rice is the staple food of people in Uttar Pradesh.

Dressing :

• The dress which Punjabis and Haryanvi put on is known as Punjabi Dress.
• Women put on salwar and kameez.
• Men also wear loose shirt (jhabbho) and salwar.
• Men also put on Punjabi styled head gear.
• Kashmiri people wear Kashmiri dress, and during winter, they put on clothes covering entire body.
• The dress in Himachal and Uttarakhand is similar to that of Jammu and Kashmir.
• Uttar Pradesh wear dhoti and paheran and tie a scarf on the head.
• Ladies wear sari, petticoat and blouse.

Dwelling :

• Punjab and Haryana get less rainfall, so the building there have flat roof tops.
• Urban people live in the buildings made of bricks and cement.
• Wood is used more in the construction of houses in Jammu and Kashmir.
• In Himachal and Uttarakhand, people live in two storeyed buildings.
• Uttar Pradesh urban people live in houses made from bricks and cement.

Language :

• Punjabi people speak Punjabi language and Haryanvi speak Hariyani language.
• Uttar Pradesh use Hindi and Urdu languages.
• Urdu is major languages in Jammu and Kashmir, Kashmiri and Dongari languages are also spoken there.
• The State language of Himachal Pradesh is Pahadi.

Festivals and Holy Days :

• Baisakhi and Lahiri are major festivals in Punjab.
• Bhangda is a famous folk dance of Punjab.
• Eid and Moharram festivals are celebrated in Jammu and Kashmir.
• Dashera is celebrated in a special way in Kullu of Himachal Pradesh.
• Holi is the major festival in Uttar Pradesh.
• Kathak is a well known dance style of Uttar Pradesh.

Fairs :

• Kullu’s Dashera Fair is a well known fair.
• In Punjab, a Martyrs Fair is held.
• Kumbh Mela and Magh Mela are famous fairs of Allahabad in Uttar Pradesh.
• In Uttarakhand, Kumbh and Ardha Kumbh fairs are famous.

Life Style – South India

• The states of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Union Territory of Puducherry’ are included in South India.
• Southern Indian is a peninsula and each state has sea coast.

Food :

• In southern states, rice and fish form the main diet.
• Idli, dhosa, meduvada etc. along with the coconut chutney are famous in South India.

Dressing :

• Due to hot and humid weather in south, people wear loose garments.
• Lungi, paheran, khes on the shoulder and occasionally a head gear are common attire among men.
• Women wear sari in southern style, petticoat and blouse.
• Kerlities wear lungi or short dhoti.
• Ladies put on flower strips (veni) on their head.

Dwellings :

• People live in houses of brick and cement.
• People living near sea coast use coconut leaves in their huts.

Language :

• Languages in South India belong to Dravid Family of languages.
• Kannad language is spoken in Karnataka.
• Other languages spoken are Telugu in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana, Tamil in Tamil Nadu and Malayalam in Kerala.

Festivals and Holy Days :

• Andhra Pradesh is famous for its Kuchipudi Dance.
• Shiv Ratri, Makar Sanskranti and Baisakhi festivals are celebrated there.
• Mysore in Kamtaka celebrates Dashera, Eid and Navratri festivals.
• Kathakali is a well known dance of Kerala.
• Onam, Christmas, Eid, Shivratri are other festivals celebrated in Kerala.
• Bharat Natyam is very famous dance style of Tamil Nadu and Pongal is its main festival.

Life Style – Eastern India

• The States of Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Odisha, West Bengal, Assam, Arunanchal Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur, Mizoram, Tripura, Sikkim, Meghalaya etc. are included in Eastern India.
• Food : People in Bihar, Jharkhand. Chhattisgarh and West Bengal take roti, vegetables.
• ‘Rosogulla’ and ‘Sandesh’ are their favourite sweets in West Bengal.

Dressing :

• Bihari people wear dhoti, zabbho. khes on shoulder and a Pagh (head gear).
• Women put on sari, petticoat and blouse.
• There is not much difference in the attire of people in Jharkhand, Assam and Odisha.
• Bengali ladies wear sari in Bengali style and gents puts on plaited (with folds) dhoti and silken zabbho.

Dwellings :

• People in plain region live in houses made of bricks and cement.
• People in mountains use wood and bamboo in their houses.
• Slating roofs are seen in the regions of heavy rainfall.
• Language : Hindi is spoken in Jharkhand, Bihar and Chattisgarh, Maithili, Bhojpuri and Magdhi are dialects

Spoken in Bihar.

• Assami in Assam, Udia in Odisha and Bengali in Bengal are other spoken languages in the respective states.
• Garo and Khasi languages are spoken in Meghalaya.
• Mizo dialect is used in Mizoram.
• Festivals and Holy Days : Bihu of Assam and Odissi in Odisha are famous dance styles.
• The Chariot Procession of Jagganathpuri is world famous.
• Festivals of Chhath and Bhaiyaduj in Bihar and Durga Puja in Bengal are celebrated with great pomp.