Gujarat Board GSEB Class 11 English Textbook Solutions Hornbill Chapter 3 Discovering Tut: The Saga Continues Textbook Exercise Important Questions and Answers, Notes Pdf.

Gujarat Board Textbook Solutions Class 11 English Hornbill Chapter 3 Discovering Tut: The Saga Continues

GSEB Class 11 English Discovering Tut: The Saga Continues Text Book Questions and Answers

Understanding the Text
Give reasons for the following:

Question 1.
King Tut’s body has been subjected to repeated scrutiny.
Answer:
King Tut’s body has been subjected to repeated scrutiny for the riches it was buried with. There has also been a lot of speculation about the manner of his death and the time of his death.

Question 2.
Howard Carter’s investigation was resented.
Answer:
Howard Carter’sinvestigation was resented because he used unsciencetific methods to cut the body away from the wooden base. He also focused more on the discovery of gold than on the fascinating details of Tut s life and the mysteries of his death.

Question 3.
Carter had to chisel away the solidified resins to raise the king’s remains.
Answer:
Carter found that the ritual resin that was used as a polish has hardened. The result was that the mummy was cemented to the bottom of the solid gold coffin. Neither the strongest force could move the mummy nor the burning sun could loosen the remains of the king.

Question 4.
Tut’s body was buried along with gilded treasures.
Answer:
The ancient royals of Egypt were fabulously wealthy. They believed in afterlife. They also believed that they could take their wealth with them. So, gilded treasures were buried with them.

Question 5.
The boy king changed his name from Tutankhaten to Tutankhamun.
Answer:
Tutankhamun means ‘Living image of Amun’. He was a major god in ancient Egypt. King Amenhotep smashed the images of Amun and closed his temples. Tut oversaw a restoration of the old ways. He also changed his name to express his belief on Amun.

Question 6.
List the deeds that led Ray Johnson to describe Akhenaten as ‘wacky’.
Answer:
Akhenaten means the servant of the Aten i.e., the sun-disk. He moved the religious capital from the old city of the Thebes to the new city of Akhetaten, known now as Amarna. He smashed the images of Amun, a major God and closed his temples. These deeds led Ray Johnson to describe Akhenaten as ‘wacky’.

Question 7.
What were the results of the CT scan ?
Answer:
The results of the CT scan were quite encouraging. 1700 digital X-ray images in cross¬section were created. A grey head appeared on screen. Neck vertebrae were quite clear. The images of hand, ribcage and skull were equally bright. These revealed that nothing had gone seriously wrong with Tut’s body.

Question 8.
List the advances in technology that have improved forensic analysis.
Answer:
The advances in technology have helped in improving forensic analysis. Many scientific tests can be carried out to determine the causes of crime. These include X-ray, ultrasound, CT scan, postmortem, autopsy and biopsy. All these help in diagnosis and provide exact information.

Question 9.
Explain the statement: “King Tut is one of the first mummies to be scanned – in death as in life…”
Answer:
King Tut’s mummy was the first one to be X-rayed by an anatomy professor in 1968. On 5 January, 2005 CT scan created virtual reality and produced life-like images. King Tut is one of the first mummies to be scanned. Thus, in death as well as in life Tut moved regally ahead of his countrymen.

Talking about the Text
Discuss the following in groups of two pairs, two pairs each in a group taking opposite points of view:

Question 1.
Scientific intervention is necessary to unearth buried mysteries.
(Students are expected to debate on issue raised in the text related to rediscovering history with the help of technology; respect for traditions, etc. While answering these questions, students are required reflect on the issues and give their points 0f view)
Answer:
For the motion:
Every nation glorifies its past histoi-y culture and civilization. However, certain myster qes pe buried with them. Rituals and legends ai-e insufficient to clear the wrap of mystery surrouilcpng them. For example, take the case of Tutankl iamun’s mummy. He was laid to rest laden with gold more than 3300 years ago.

Since the discovery of his tomb in 1922 AD, the modern world has speculated about him. Some people believe that the boy king might have been murdered. There is a mystery around his life as well as death. Scientific intervention is necessary to clear the dust and cloud of mysteries around him. Hence, if we want to study archaeology properly we must take help of scientific techniques.

Against the motion:
If present is perfect and future uncertain, why worry about the past? Let the dead past bury its dead and the mysteries surrounding them. In the present world full of competition, we must devote our money, time and energy to build up our resources and sustain the lifestyle. Scientific techniques should be employed to feed the hungry millions and clad the naked ones. Some mysteries of the past have lost their relevance with the passage of time. Won’t it be futile and wastage of precious resources of a developing nation in this idle pursuit ? Let the thinkers, philosophers and priests worry about mysteries – not the scientists.

Question 2.
Advanced technology gives us conclusive evidence of past events.
Answer:
For the motion:
I fully subscribe to the observation that advanced technology gives us conclusive evidence of past events. Even my opponents will agree that there is no proper written record about many past events. Myths and legends surround even the most celebrated personalities and events of their life or circumstances of death. Facts and fiction are mingled together and sometimes have become inseparable.

Various persons have given coloured versions of the past events to suit the demands of their masters or to serve their own ends. The evidence that opposed their point of view has been condemned and rejected. Thus, sometimes we get a warped version and subjective account of past events. Only advanced technology can help us understand the past in right perspective.

Against the motion:
I disagree with the remarks that advanced technology gives us conclusive evidence of past events. It may hold good in certain cases where evidence can be reconstructed and examined closely with the sophisticated techniques of modern science available now. However, it will be unfair to generalise and hold it true in all cases. Sometimes the processing of available data may yield contradictory accounts and create more confusion than unravelling the knotted issues. Moreover, the available evidence may not be worthy of analysis and examination. The tests may determine the possible time period of the action, but it is quite difficult to assess the causes that prompted it or the results that followed it.

Question 3.
Traditions, rituals and funerary practices must be respected.
Answer:
For the motion:
Different religions, cultures and civilizations follow various traditions, rituals and funerary practices. The dead bodies buried under the earth, are supposed to lie in rest peacefully till the doom’s day or the day of resurrection or after life. The ancient Egyptians had mastered the art of mummifying. Certain traditional rituals were performed while treating the dead body with special oils and wrapping it in cloth. Ritual resins held the mummy close to the bottom of the coffin. The burial chamber and grave contained all the important things that the king might need in after life. The funerary practices had a certain sanctity for the followers of that particular religion. We must learn to be more tolerant of the belief of others. Hence, I conclude that traditions, rituals and funerary practices must be respected.

Against the motion:
The world is on the move. We have to be forward looking. We can’t remain content with the achievements of the past or rest on our laurels. If traditions, rituals and certain funerary practices block the flow of information and knowledge, these may be overlooked for the greater benefit of humanity, i.e., clearing the air of mystery, ignorance and superstitions surrounding some of the age-old beliefs. However, in our quest for knowledge, we should not be intolerant or disrespectful. We must conduct our probe objectively and dispassionately. Facts must be given more weightage than the beliefs attached to them. A detached outlook can provide clear understanding of past events.

Question 4.
Knowledge about the past is useful to complete our knowledge of the world we live in.
Answer:
For the motion:
Modern world has expanded the frontiers of knowledge. In fact the whole world has become a global village.
Within a few seconds we become aware of incidents happening thousands of miles away. Information technology has indeed brought a revolution in the field of knowledge. Still our knowledge of the world is incomplete without the knowledge of about past lives.

We are the direct descendants of our ancestors and we must be aware of the circumstances in which they existed and how they coped with them. The structure of future is rooted in the past. We draw lessons from future the past and make improvements. The lives the people of the past are like bear on lights to guide and inspire us and enlighten us about the world we live in.

Against the motion:
We are constantly learning new things about the world we live in. The knowledge of our present circumstances and future prospects is more important than the knowledge about past lives. Their additions, rituals, tools, ways of conduct and ethos are not going to help us in our struggle for existence in the highly competitive and complex modern world.

The knowledge about past lives can at best make us retrograde instead of being progressive. For many of us the world means their sphere of activities and the environment they live in. People aim at specializing in restricted fields instead of being Jack of all trades. As such the knowledge of the world we need is also restricted to our requirements and we need not bother about knowledge about past lives.

Thinking about Language
Read the following piece of information from ‘The Encyclopedia of Language’ by David Crystal:

Egyptian is now extinct: its history dates from before the third millennium BC, preserved in many hieroglyphic inscriptions and papyrus manuscripts. Around the second century AD, it developed into a language known as Coptic. Coptic may still have been used as late as the early nineteenth century and is still used as a religious language by Monophysite Christians in Egypt.

Question 1.
What do you think are the reasons for the extinction of languages?
Answer:
A language becomes extinct when Its use is restricted to certain classes or categories of people. Secondly, the harshness of rules and lack of flexibility in usage also contribute to the extinction of languages.

Question 2.
Do you think it is important to preserve languages ?
Answer:
I think it is important to preserve langu ages. Various languages are the vehicles of thought and medium of interaction between the users of that language and the outside world. A language has intimate connection with the lives, culture and civilization of the people and reflects their thinking.

Question 3.
In what ways do you think we could help prevent the extinction of languages and dialects ?
Answer:
Certain steps must be taken to help prevent the extinction of languages and dialects. The most important is to encourage its use. A language thrives as long as it is used by masses. Measures should be taken to propagate the languages and dialects used in certain areas. The help of interpreters may be provided for interaction between native users of language/dialect and non-users. Certain incentives in the form of stipends, scholarships, preferences in jobs, etc. may also prove handy in attracting the youth towards languages and dialects which are on the verge of extinction. State patronage can also help in the preservation of languages.

Working with Words
Given below are some interesting combinations of words. Explain why they have been userf together.
(a) gbostly dust devils
(b) desert sky
(c) stunning artefacts
(d) funerary treasures
(e) scientific detachment
(f) dark-bellied clouds
(g) casket grey
(h) eternal brilliance
(i) ritual resins
(j) virtual body
Answer:
In each combination of words, one word is an adjective and it modifies as well as reinforces the meaning of the noun following / preceeding it. Let us try to understand the meaning of each combination of words.

• ghostly dust devils: ghost-like wicked evil spirits formed by dust
• desert sky: the sky over the desert
• stunning artefacts: extremely attractive manmade objects of eternal brilliance : everlasting shine
• funerary treasures: collection of valuable things used at a funeral
• scientific detachment: aloofness of a scientist
• dark-bellied clouds: bulging /swelling clouds
• casket grey: (here) grey sky
• eternal brilliance: ‘eternal’ refers to something timeless. Thus, ‘eternal brilliance’ refers to timeless luster and shine of jewels and valuables of the King.
• ritual resins: resins applied according to religious rites
• virtual body: body made to appear to exist by computer software

Here are some commonly used medical terms. Find out their meanings.
CT scan
MRI
Tomography
Autopsy
Dialysis
ECG
Postmortem
Angiography Biopsy
Answer:

• CT scan : a medical test in which a machine produces a three-dimensional picture of the inside of a person’s body on a computer screen after taking X-rays.
• MRI : an abbreviation for magnetic resonance imaging-a technique for producing images of body organs by measuring the properties of atomic nuclei in a strong magnetic field.
• Tomography : a technique for displaying a cross section through a human body (or other solid object) using X-rays or ultrasound.
• Autopsy: an examination of a dead body to discover the cause of death or the extent of disease.
• Dialysis : a technique of clinical purification of blood, as a substitute for the normal functions of the kidney.
• ECG : abbreviation for electrocardiogram or electrocardiograph; preparing a graph showing the measurement and recording the activity in the heart using electrodes placed on the skin.
• Postmortem : medical examination of the body of a dead person in order to find out how he died.
• Angiography: radiography of blood or lymph vessels, carried out after introduction of a substance that is opaque to X-ray.
• Biopsy : an, examination of tissue taken from the body to discover the presence, cause or extent of a disease.

Things to Do

Question 1.
The constellation Orion is associated with the legend of Osiris, the god of the afterlife.
Find out the astronomical descriptions and legends associated with the following:
(1) Ursa Major (Saptarishi mandala)
(2) Polaris (Dhruva tara)
(3) Pegasus (Winged horse)
(4) Sirius (Dog star)
(5) Gemini (Mithuna)
Answer:
(1) Ursa Major (Saptarishi mandala):
This bright constellation can be observed all year long as it never sinks below the horizon. It is also known as ‘Greater Bear’ as it represents the back and tail of the bear. According to Sanskrit mythology this group of seven sages (Saptarishi) also moves around the constant star ‘Dhruva Tara’ known as Polaris.

(2) Polaris (Dhruva tara):
This star remains constant and always points to the North The direction of Ursa Major keeps changing with the passage of the night but Polaris remains unchanged . It is associated with the legend of Dhruva the six year old boy who was blessed by Lord Vishnu with a permanent and constant abode in the universe.

(3) Pegasus (Winged horse):
This is associated with Greek mythology as the winged horse, sprung from Medusa’s blood. It carries lightning bolts for Zeus. Pegasus’ constellation may be seen when stars are out.

(4) Sirius (Dog star):
This is associated with the legend of Orion. It is called ‘Dog Star’ as it represents Orion’s large hunting dog. The first glimpse of Sirius in dawn announced the rising of the Nile in ancient Egypt.

(5) Gemini (Mithuna):
A combination of two Nakshatras – Aardhara and Punarvasu and having contradictory qualities.

Question 2.
Some of the leaves and flowers for adorning the dead are willow, olive, celery, lotus, cornflower. Which of these are common in our country?
Answer:
In our country, willow, olive, lotus and cornflower are common.

Question 3.
Name some leaves and flowers that are used as adornments in our country.
Answer:
Roses, lotus, myrtles, marigold, champa and chameli flowers and the leaves of mango, peepal, banana and basil are used as adornments in our country.

GSEB Class 12 English Discovering Tut: The Saga Continues Additional Important Questions and Answers

Questions – Answers (Textual)
Answer the following questions in four to five sentences each:

Question 1.
Who was Howard Carter ? What was his discovery ?
Answer:
Howard Carter was a British archaeologist. After years of searching he discovered King Tut’s tomb in 1922 over 3300 years after his death. Tut died at the age of 19 but his death was a mystery for all. He was the last ruler of his powerful family that ruled Egypt for centuries. People believed that the king died in mysterious circumstances and his death may involve every possibility of murder.

Question 2.
Why did King Tut’s mummy have to undergo CT scan?
Answer:
The mummy of King Tut has earned worldwide fame for the riches it was buried with. Further there arose a great controversy about the manner of his death and his age at the time of death. Keeping in the view this controversy, King Tut’s body was ordered to be scanned to examine the delayed medical mysteries about his life and death.

Question 3.
Which questions still linger about Tut ?
Answer:
The two biggest questions that still linger about Tut are how did he die and how old was he at the time of his death ? He was the last of his family’s line, and his funeral was the death rattle of a dynasty but the particulars of his passing away and its aftermath were unclear.

Question 4.
Why was Tut’s dead body subjected to CT scrutiny?
Answer:
Tut’s dead body was subjected to X-rays in 1968 and CT scan in 2005 to ascertain the cause of his death.

Question 5.
In 1968, what was the startling fact revealed by a professor of anatomy about king Tut?
Answer:
In 1968, more than 40 years after Carter’s discovery of king Tut’s tomb, a professor of anatomy X-rayed Tut’s mummy. He revealed an astonishing fact that beneath the resin that layers his chest, his breast-bone and front ribs are missing. It startled everyone.

Question 6.
What did the tourists do at that time ?
Answer:
The tourists from around the world queued up as usual all afternoon into the narrowed rock-cut tomb. They lined up to pay their homage to king Tut. They watched the murals on the walls of the burial chamber. Some visitors read from guidebook. Others stood silently peering at Tut’s gilded face.

Question 7.
Who pointed out that the mummy was in a bad condition? Who was held responsible for it?
Answer:
Zahi Hawass, Secretary General of Egypt’s Supreme Council of Antiquities, bent over the mummy and watched it very carefully. Then he said the mummy is in a very bad condition because of what Carter did in the 1920s. It was in 1922, Carter discovered king Tut’s tomb.

Question 8.
What was the fate of the contents of Tut’s mummy ?
Answer:
For over 80 years after the discovery of Tut’s tomb in 1922, surprisingly all its contents were complete. They remain the richest royal collection ever found till 2005. They have now become part of the Pharaoh’s legend.

Question 9.
Why did the artifacts cause a sensation at the time of discovery?
Answer:
The artifacts discovered surprised all present there. They were all made of pure gold. Their shine was eternal and never fading. This eternal brilliance of the artifacts meant to guarantee revival from grave.

Question 10.
Why was king Tut’s demise a big event, even by royal – standards ?
Answer:
King Tut’s death was of course a big event. Even by royal standards he was the last ruler in his family line. His funeral was the death bell of a dynasty that ruled in Egypt for centuries. The big event is because of the fact that he died unexpectedly at young age. The particulars of his passing and its aftermath are not clear.

Question 11.
Why did some people think the King Tut’s untimely death as the Pharaoh’s curse?
Answer:
After king Akhenaten’s death, a mysterious ruler became the king for a short while and died. Then a very young Tutankhaten took the throne. He changed his name to Tutankhamun, “Living image of Amun.” He restored the worship of Amun whose images were broken and temples closed by the Pharaoh. Thus, King Tut disturbed the Pharaoh. Akhenaten and his curse that Akhenaten had befallen on Tut causing his untimely death in his late teens.

Question 12.
What problem did Carter face when he reached the mummy of King Tut ? How did he find a way out ?
Answer:
When Carter along with his men were working at the tomb of King Tut, they found that the ritual resins had hardened. They had cemented and the mummy of King Tut could not be taken out. The solidified , material could be removed through chisels. The mummy was cut free. His men removed Tut’s head and severed every major joint. Then they were kept in a box on a layer of sand. He defended his act lest the mummy should not fall into the hands of thieves for getting gold.

Question 13.
List some adornments on Tut’s body. Why had the adornments been buried along with the body?
Answer:
The mummy of Tut was decorated with precious collars, inlaid necklaces, rings, bracelets, amulets and a ceremonial apron. There were sandals, sheaths for fingers and toes and the inner golden coffin and mask. All of them were made of pure gold. According to the beliefs it was thought that they could take their riches with them to the great beyond.

Question 14.
How did Carter defend his action of cutting the mummy free ?
Answer:
Carter in his defence wrote later that if he hadn’t cut the mummy free, thieves would have avoided the guards and ripped it apart to remove all the gold. The mummy had been kept with a lot of wealth, in the form of gold ornaments, etc.

Question 15.
How can CT scan prove more effective than X-rays ?
Answer:
CT scan can prove more effective than X-rays because it produces hundreds of X-rays in cross section which are put together like slices of bread to create a three-dimensional virtual body.

Question 16.
How was Tut’s body carried to the CT scanner ?
Answer:
On the night of the scan, workmen carried Tut from the tomb in his box. Like pallbearers they climbed ramp and a flight of stairs into the swirling sand outside. Then they rose on a hydraulic lift into the trailer that held the scanner.

Question 17.
How was King Tut’s mummy scanned by the CT scanner ?
Answer:
In order to remove the mystery over the death of King Tut, a portable CT scanner was taken in a trailer to the sandy area near Tut’s tomb. His body was carried there from his tomb in a box. The CT machine scanned the mummy from head to toe, creating 1700 digital X-ray images in cross section. His entire body was scanned in 0.62 millimetre slices.

Question 18.
What snag did the million dollar scanner develop ? How was it set right ?
Answer:
The million dollar scanner had developed a snag because of sand in a cooler fan. Eventually
substitute fans worked well enough to finish the procedure.

Question 19.
What did the CT scan of Tut’s mummy reveal?
Answer:
CT scanning gave surprising as well as fascinating images of Tut’s body. The image of a grey head appeared on the computer screen. Neck bones appeared quite clearly. Other images of Tut’s body appeared on the screen. They included a hand and several views of rib-cage and the skull.

Question 20.
“Curse of the Pharaoh”, joked a guard nervously. What is the curse and why did the guard say so ?
Answer:
The curse of the Pharaoh – death or misfortune falling upon those who disturbed him, is considered to be true. The fans of the CT scan machine got stuck with the sand dust and stopped working during scanning of the mummy. Then the guard jokingly said that it was the curse of the Pharaoh. Later another pair of white plastic fans were arranged which worked well enough.

Reading Comprehension (Textual).
Read the following passages and select the most appropriate options as answers to the questions given below them:

Question 1.
An angry wind stirred up ghostly dust devils as King Ttit was taken from his resting place in the ancient Egyptian cemetery known as the ‘Valley of the Kings’. Dark-bellied clouds had scudded across the desert sky all day and now were veiling the stars in casket grey. It was 6 p.m. on 5 January, 2005. The world’s most famous mummy glided head first into a CT scanner brought here to probe the lingering medical mysteries of this little understood young ruler who died more than 3300 years ago.

All afternoon the usual line of tourists from around the world had descended into the cramped, rock-cut tomb some 26 feet underground to pay their respects. They gazed at the murals on the walls of the burial chamber and peered at Tut’s gilded face, the most striking feature of his mummy-shaped outer coffin lid. Some visitors read from guidebooks in a whisper. Others stood silently, perhaps pondering Tut’s untimely death in his late teens, or wondering with a shiver if the Pharaoh’s curse – death or misfortune falling upon those who disturbed him-was really true.

Questions:
1. ‘Valley of the Kings’ is ……………..
A. a palace.
B. a cemetery.
C. a rest-house.
D. a gaming zone.
Answer:
B. a cemetery.

2. What happened at 6 p.m. on January 5, 2005 ?
A. Dark-bellied clouds brought heavy rain.
B. Kind Tut died.
C. Tutankhamun’s dead body was brought for CT scanning.
D. Some medical mysteries solved.
Answer:
C. Tutankhamun’s dead body was brought for CT scanning.

3. The tourists from all over the world reached King Tut’s tomb to ………………
A. pay their respects to the King.
B. gaze at the murals on the walls of the burial chamber.
C. watch Tut’s gilded face.
D. disprove assumptions about King Tut.
Answer:
A. pay their respects to the King.

4. What, according to most of the people, could be the reason of King Tut’s untimely death ?
A. His drinking habits.
B. The Pharaoh’s curse.
C. His mysterious murder.
D. His unhygienic ways of living.
Answer:
B. The Pharaoh’s curse.

Question 2.
“The mummy is in very bad condition because of what Carter did in the 1920s,” said Zahi Hawass, Secretary. General of Egypt’s Supreme Council of Antiquities, as he leaned over the body for a long first look. Carter – Howard Carter, that is-was the British archaeologist who in 1922 discovered Tut’s tomb after years of futile searching. Its contents, though hastily ransacked in antiquity, were surprisingly complete.

They remain the richest royal collection ever found and have become part of the Pharaoh’s legend. Stunning artefacts in gold, their eternal brilliance meant to guarantee resurrection, caused a sensation at the time of the discovery – and still get the most attention. But Tut was also buried with everyday things he’d want in the afterlife : board games, a bronze razor, linen undergarments, cases of food and wine.

Questions:
1. The mummy was in very bad condition as………………
A. it had started decaying.
B. Howard Carter had treated it very badly.
C. it was greatly damaged at the time of its burial.
D. None of these three
Answer:
B. Howard Carter had treated it very badly.

2. Howard Carter was ………………..
A. a Pharaoh.
B. secretary General of Egypt’s Supreme Council of Antiquities.
C. a British archaeologist.
D. a historian.
Answer:
C. a British archaeologist.

3. ……………….. became part of the Pharaoh’s legend.
A. The discovery of Tut’s tomb
B. The contents of the Tut’s tomb
C. The never-found evidences of Tut’s tomb
D. The damage done to the dead body of Tutankhamun
Answer:
B. The contents of the Tut’s tomb

4. Besides artefacts of Gold, ……………….. were buried with the dead body of King Tut.
A. cases of food and wine
B. board games
C. linen undergarments
D. All of these three
Answer:
D. All of these three

Question 3.
After Akhenaten’s death, a mysterious ruler named Smenkhkare appeared briefly and exited with hardly a trace. And then a very young Tutankhaten took the throne – King Tut as he’s widely known today. The boy king soon changed his name to Tutankhamun, ‘living image of Amun’, and oversaw a restoration of the old ways. He reigned for about nine years-and then died unexpectedly.

Regardless of his fame and the speculations about his fate, Tut is one mummy among many in Egypt. How many? No one knows. The Egyptian Mummy Project, which began an inventory in late 2003, has recorded almost 600 so far and is still counting. The next phase: scanning the mummies with a portable CT machine donated by the National Geographic Society and Siemens, its manufacturer. King Tut is one of the first mummies to be scanned – in death, as in life, moving regally ahead of his countrymen.

Questions:
1. Who presided Tutankhamun as a Pharaoh ?
A. Akhenaten
B. Akhetan
C. Smenkhkare
D. Amun
Answer:
C. Smenkhkare

2. What did the boy king Tutankhaten do ?
A. He changed his name to Tutankhamun.
B. He superintended a restoration of the old ways.
C. He dethroned the previous king.
D. Both ‘A’ and ‘B’
Answer:
D. Both ‘A’ and ‘B’

3. What is a mystery about Tutankhamun ?
A. How he died ?
B. What he did ?
C. Where he lived ?
D. Which family he belonged to ?
Answer:
A. How he died ?

4. Why was a portable CT scan machine donated ?
A. To scan the mummy of Tutankhamun.
B. To know about the time and reason of Tutenkhamun’s death.
C. To serve the suffering humanity in Egypt.
D. Both ‘A’ and ‘B’
Answer:
D. Both ‘A’ and ‘B’

Question 4.
A CT machine scanned the mummy head to toe, creating 1700 digital X-ray images in cross section. Tut’s head, scanned in 0.62 millimetre slices to register its intricate structures, takes on eerie detail in the resulting image. With Tut’s entire body similarly recorded, a team of specialists in radiology, forensics and anatomy began to probe the .secrets that the winged goddesses of a gilded burial shrine protected for so long.

The night of the scan, workmen carried Tut from the tomb in his box. Like pallbearers they climbed a ramp and a flight of stairs into the swirling sand outside, then rose on a hydraulic lift into the trailer that held the scanner. TWenty minutes later two men emerged, sprinted for an’ office nearby, and returned with a pair of white plastic fans. The million-dollar scanner had quit because of sand in a cooler fan. “Curse of the Pharaoh,” joked a guard nervously.

Questions:
1. How was Tut’s mummy scanned ?
A. In cross section.
B. Partially.
C. Ignoring certain vital things.
D. Secretiy.
Answer:
A. In cross section.

2. Who, according to the writer, must have protected the secrets of Tut’s mummy?
A. Radiologists
B. Winged goddesses
C. Anatomists
D. Forensic experts
Answer:
B. Winged goddesses

3. The million-dollar scanner failed to function because of …………….
A. the curse of the Pharaoh.
B. the sand in a cooler fan.
C. the non-functioning of the hydraulic lift.
D. All of these three.
Answer:
B. the sand in a cooler fan.

4. A pair of white plastic fans were brought as …………….
A. the cooler fan had stopped working.
B. there was terrific heat.
C. the sand was blowing hard.
D. None of these three
Answer:
A. the cooler fan had stopped working.

Grammar

Vocabulary
Fill in the blanks choosing the correct words given in the brackets and write the answers only:

Question 1.
(underground, descended, gilded, around, murals, feature, burial, usual)
All afternoon the ………….1……….. line of tourists from ………….2……….. the world had ………..3………. into the cramped, rock-cut tomb some 26 feet ………..4…………… to pay their respects. They gazed at the …………5…………. on the walls of the ………….6…………. chamber and peered at Tut’s ………….7……….. face, the most striking ………..8………… of his mummy-shaped outer coffin lid.
Answer:
1. usual
2. around
3. descended
4. underground
5. murals
6. burial
7. gilded
8. feature

Question 2.
(intriguing, anatomy, startling, sophisticated, substantially, technology, focusing, breastbone)
Archaeology has changed ………..1………… in the intervening decades, …………..2……….. less on treasure and more on the fascinating details of life and ………..3………….. mysteries of death. It also uses more …………4…………… tools, including medical ………….5……….. In 1968, more than 40 years after Carter’s discovery, an ……………..6………… professor X-rayed the mummy and revealed a …………..7…………. fact: beneath the resin that cakes his chest, his ………….8………. and front ribs are missing.
Answer:
1. substantially
2. focusing
3. intriguing
4. sophisticated
5. technology
6. anatomy
7. starting
8. breast-bone

Rectification of Errors
Rectify the errors in the following passages:

Question 1.
After months of carefully record the Pharaoh’s funerary treasurers, Carter began investigate his three nested coffins. Opening the first, he find a shroud adorned with garlands of willow and olive leaf.
Answer:

Error	Correction
record	recording
investigate	investigating
find	found
leaf	leaves

Question 2.
If he hadn’t cut the mummy free, thieves most certainly would have circumvented the guards and ripping it apart to remove the gold. In Tut’s time the royals were fabulous wealthy and they thought they could take their rich with them.
Answer:

leaf	leaves
certainty	certainly
ripping	ripped
fabulous	fabulously
rich	riches

Question 3.
After Akhenaten’s death, a mystery ruler named Smenkhkare appearance briefly and exit with hardly a trace. And then a very young Tutankhaten took the throne – King Tut as he’s widely knew today.
Answer:

mystery	mysterious
appearance	appeared
exit	exited
knew	known

Question 4.
Eventually the substitution fans worked well enough to finishing the procedure. After checking that no data had been losted the technicians turned Tut over to the workmen, who carry him back to his tomb.
Answer:

substitution	substitute
finishing	finish
losted	lost
carry	carried

3. Replacing Phrases – Idioms
Choose the correct meanings of the phrases/ idioms and rewrite the sentences:

1. Paul will be laid to rest on Saturday, and I plan to go to the funeral service. (allowed to rest, buried, deceased)
2. The old photographs stirred up some painful memories. (emotionally aroused, disturbed, shook)
3. The demonstrations in the city rapidly descended into anarely. (fell down, were replaced, became worse and turned into)
4. Ships were registered abroad to circumvent employment and safety regulations. (avoid cleverly, turn around, confuse)
5. All the students were lingering around until the last minute to go into the building. (playing truants, shouting and screaming, waiting around)
Answer:
1. Paul will be buried on Saturday, and I plan to go to the funeral service.
2. The old photographs emotionally aroused some painful memories.
3. The demonstrations in the city became worse and turned into into anarely.
4. Ships were registered abroad to avoid cleverly employment and safety regulations.
5. All the students were waiting around until the last minute to go into the building.

Punctuations
Punctuate the following passages:

Question 1.
No amount of legitimate force could move them Carter wrote later what was to be done
Answer:
“No amount of legitimate force could move them,” Carter wrote later, “what was to be done ?”

Question 2.
It must have been a horrific time said Ray Johnson director of the university of Chicago’s research centre in luxor the site of ancient thebes.
Answer:
“It must have been a horrific time,” said Ray Johnson, director of the University of Chicago’s research centre in luxor, the site of ancient Thebes.

Question 3.
I want some new dresses papa why you have got as many as thirty They are all outdated now I want some new ones
Answer:
“I want some new dresses, papa.”
“Why? You have got as many as thirty.”
“They are all outdated now. I want some new ones.”

Indirect Narration
Turn the following dialogues into Indirect form of narration:

Question 1.
Frank: You’re not a scientist I gather?
Taplow: No sir, I am still in the lower fifth. can’t specialise until next term that is to say, if I’ve got my remove all right.
Frank: Don’t you know if you’ve got your remove ?
Toplow: No sir. Mr Crocker-Harrie doesn’t tell us the results like the other masters.
Answer:
Frank asked Taplow if he was a scientist and added that that was what he gathered. Taplow informed that he was not a scientist and that he was still in the lower fifth. He further added that he couldn’t specialize until following term, that was to say that if he had got his remove all right. Frank asked him if he did not know if he had got his remove. Taplow told him that he had not got his remove. He added that Mr Crocker- Harris didn’t tell them the results like other masters.

Question 2.
Frank: I believe there is a rule that form results should only be announced by the headmaster on the last day of the term.
Taplow : Yes – but who else pays attention to it-except Mr Crocker-Harris ?
Frank : I don’t. I admit – but that’s no criterion. So you’ve got to wait until tomorrow to know your fate, have you?
Taplow: Yes sir.
Answer:
Frank told him that he believed that there was a rule that form results should only be announced by the headmaster on the last day of the term. Taplow confirmed that and asked if anybody else paid attention to that except Mr Crocker-Harris. Frank informed him that he did not and admitted that. He opposed saying that, that was no criterion. He affirmed that he had got to wait until the next day to know his fate and asked if he had to. Taplow said that he would have to wait.

Question 3.
Frank: Supposing the answer is favourable what then ?
Taplow : Oh – Science Sir, of course.
Frank: (Sadly) Yes. We get all the slackers.
Taplow: (Protestingly) I’m extremely interested in science, Sir.
Frank : Are you ? I’m not. Not a least, in the science I have to teach.
Answer:
Frank asked Taplow if he supposed that the answer was favourable what he would do then. Taplow confirmed that he would of course opt for science. Frank expressed his sorrow by saying that they got all the slackers. Taplow protested and said respectfully that he was extremely interested in science. Frank asked him if he really was and added that he (Frank) was not interested in (that) science which he had to teach.

Question 4.
Taplow: Well, anyway, Sir, it’s a good deal more exciting than this muck.
Frank : What is this muck ?
Taplow: Aeschylus, Sir. The Agamemnon.
Frank: And your considered view is that Agamemnon is muck ?
Taplow: Well, no Sir. I don’t think the play is muck exactly.
Answer:
Taplow affirmed that in anyway that was a good deal and addressed him as sir. He added that it was more exciting than that muck. Frank asked him what muck he was talking about. Taplow told him that he was talking about Aeschylus and Agamemnon. Frank asked him if his considered view was that Agamemnon was a muck. Taplow said that it was not so and that he didn’t think the play was a muck exactly.

Transformation of Sentences
Rewrite the following sentences as directed:

Question 1.
The world’s most famous mummy glided into a CT Scanner. (Change Degree.)
Answer:
No other mummy in the world as famous as this mummy glided into the CT scanner.

Question 2.
They gazed at the murals on the walls of the burial chamber. (Change Voice.)
Answer:
The murals on the walls of the burial chamber were gazed at by them.

Question 3.
When he finally reached the mummy he ran into trouble. (Make Simple.)
Answer:
On finally reaching the mummy he ran into trouble.

Question 4.
No amount of legitimate force could move them. (Make Affirmative.)
Answer:
They were unable to be moved by any amount of legitimate force.

Question 5.
The consolidated material had to be chiselled away before it was possible to raise the king’s remains. (Make Negative.)
Answer:
It would not have been possible to raise the king’s remains if the consolidated material would not have been chiselled away.

Question 6.
In his defence Carter really had little choice. (Use ‘much’)
Answer:
In his defence Carter, really, did not have much choice.

Question 7.
Once they had finished, they reassembled the remains on a layer of sand. (Make Simple.)
Answer:
After having finished, they assembled the remains on a layer of sand.

Question 8.
He was the last of his family’s line, and his funeral was the death rattle of a dynasty. (Make Complex.)
Answer:
As he was the last of his family’s line his funeral was the death rattle of a dynasty.

Question 9.
King Tut is one of the first mummies to be scanned. (Change Voice.)
Answer:
King Tut is one of the first mummies they scanned.

Question 10.
What more could a CT scan reveal of Tut than the X-ray? (Make Assertive.)
Answer:
A CT scan could not reveal more of Tut than an X-ray.

Discovering Tut: The Saga Continues Summary in English

Discovering Tut: The Saga Continues Introduction:
A. R. Williams lives in Virginia. She developed love for reading at a very early age. When an assignment to write their own fiction was given it occurred to her that she could craft tales for others to enjoy.

Ann R. Williams is a former senior writer for National Geographic Magazine and online news where she covered the world and all that’s in it for almost three decades. She specialized in archaeology writing features that took her from Egypt to Alaska. She also wrote for a monthly ‘Peace for Ancient World’s’ section of the magazine and new stories on the latest archaeological discoveries. Her long form of writing includes three cover stories, Death of Nile (2003), The New Face of King Tut (2005), Animals Everlasting (2009).

In this lesson she explains the life and death, and culture of Egyptian rulers.

Discovering Tut: The Saga Continues Summary:
Tutankhamun was a teenage heir to the royal throne of Egypt. He died very young. He was the last of the line of his family. With his death a very powerful dynasty which ruled Egypt, came to an end.

Amenhotep III was his father or grandfather. He was a very powerful Pharaoh. He ruled for 40 years. Amenhotep IV succeeded him. He promoted the worship of Aten, the sun-disk. He changed his name to Akhenaten i.e., servant of the Aten. He shifted his capital from old city of Thebes to the new city of Akhetaten. The country was shocked when he attacked Amun, a major God of the Egyptians.

He broke down his image and closed his temples. After his death he was succeeded by a mysterious ruler. But he too died soon. Then Tutankhamun ascended the throne of Egypt. He was popularly known as Tut. He restored old ways and worship of God Amun. He changed his name to Tutankhamun. He ruled Egypt for a short period of nine years. His mummy was discovered in 1922 by a British archaeologist, Howard Carter.

Perhaps Tut was murdered and laid to rest with a lot of gold, everyday things of requirements and cases of food and wine. The Egyptians believed in life after death.

Howard Carter discovered the tomb after a long search in 1922. Most of the treasure buried in the tomb was already looted. The treasure was richest royal collection. The rock-cut tomb was 26 feet underground. Walls had paintings. The coffin had his face gilden. The treasure was recorded.

After three months, began the investigation of the three layer coffin in the tomb.

The first layer had garlands of olive leaves, lotus petals and cornflowers. This suggests that the burial might have taken place in March or April. On reaching the mummy Carter had to face trouble. Resins were used for cementing the gold coffin. It had become very hard. It was impossible to free the body from the coffin. The burning sun failed to melt it. Resins had to be removed with chisel and hammer. To draw the body out, they had to cut the mummy limb by limb. This would also avoid the theft of gold. First head was removed, then every joint was removed. Later the body was reassembled on a layer of sand in a wooden box and then put in the original place.

In 1968 Anatomy professors X-rayed the mummy and revealed new facts. The breast-bone and the front ribs were missing. Today (Computed Tomography) CT takes hundreds of X-rays and creates a three-dimensional image of the body. On 5th Jan. 2005 the mummy of Tut was put into a CT scanner. They wanted to find out how Tut had died and the age at the time of his death. Siemens, the manufacturer of the scanner donated the scanner. After scanning, it was revealed that Tut had died 3300 years ago. On the night of scanning, they had put the body in a trailer. The process took less than 3 hrs. the Pharaoh was carried back to the tomb. All the doubts were dispelled. Nothing had gone seriously wrong. Today Tut is resting in the valley of departed kings of Egypt.

Facts: Tutankhamun
(Ruled C. 1332 – 1323 BC in the conventional chronology)
Father: Akhenaten (Formerly Amenhotep IV)