Our Revision Notes for GSEB Class 10 Social Science Notes Chapter 20 Social Problems of India and Challengessummarises the key points of a chapter and useful resource to prepare effectively for the upcoming board exams.

Social Problems of India and Challenges Class 10 GSEB Notes Social Science Chapter 20

Social Problems of India and Challenges Class 10 GSEB Notes

→ Many changes have taken place in India. With these changes many problems have been originated which includes social, economic, political, cultural problems.

→ Many people of India belonging to different religions, castes, and languages haye collectively worked for freedom of our country. It is because of their efforts that we have achieved precious freedom.

→ We come across some negative factors which hinder the peace and progress , such as communal conflicts, caste-based differences, regional violence, etc.

→ This is a social challenge to social goodwill, secularism, democratic value and national integrity.

→ When a group of people of a religion or sect oppose other religion because of any reason, communal tension arises. Such an incident divides the society.

→ Communalism leads to social tension in the country. People consider their own friends as enemies or rivals, because of atmosphere of differences.

→ All these things are harmful for democracy, national integrity and development of nation.

Various steps should be taken to eradicate communalism:

• The government should take punitive actions against communal elements.
• Education can play an important role in eradication of communalism
• Political party based on communal idea should not be given recognition.
• Programmes which promote national interest and nationalism.
• For progress of nation, religious leaders and political leaders should work together to combat the problems of communalism.
• Youth must come forward to remove communalism.

→ According to early hypothesis, vama system (Brahman, Kshatriya, Vashya, Shudra) was based on four occupations.

→ Dwelling arrangement and occupation was based on caste. As the source of income depended on occupation, some castes were getting low income so they remained poor economically.

→ Before the British rule some communities were living isolated life in the regions where it was not easy to reach like inaccessible forests and mountainous regions. Social and cultural life of these communities was different from others. They had their own prominent culture and language. Because of living separately from generation to generation, people of these communities could not develop. As a result, their economic and social condition has remained backward.

→ Many provisions have been made in the Constitution for the protection, welfare and progress of minorities, weaker section and backward classes. These constitutional provision have been provided to protect their interests, to eradicate social, inequality and to work for their welfare and development.

→ According to the Indian Constitution, no person shall be discriminated on the basis of community, caste, religion, language, sex, etc.

→ Minority refers to that group of people which is not in majority with regard to certain religion or language. There is no specific definition for minority in the Indian Constitution. Generally, a group of people forming less than half of the total population of a region or a country can be called minority.

→ Special provisions have been made in the constitution to protect and encourage their religion, language, culture and script etc.

→ A National Commission has been set up for protecting the rights, interests, welfare, and for the progress of the minorities.

→ The rights to religion, especially to the minorities assure them that they can also spread and propagate their religion.

→ The minorities have the right to preserve their script and culture as per cultural and educational rights.

→ The Indian Constitution does not give a clear-cut definition of scheduled caste and scheduled tribe. This has been specially referred to by the orders of the President on the advice of Governor of the respective states.
According to the Article 341, those castes included in this schedule, are called scheduled r castes. While those castes which are included in the schedule of Article 342 also are called schedule castes.

→ Seats are reserved for scheduled caste and scheduled tribes in Gram Panchayat and Municipality.

‘→ Other than these different five years programmes are also organized for these people.

→ The National Commission is formed at the central level for these people.

→ Terrorism is a global problem. It leads to destruction of human rights, bloodshed, destruction, violence, unrest, etc., it openly violates the principle of “live and let live”.

→ Rebellion is a national problem. It carried out with the help of local people. It affects the development of a state.

→ Inspired by the Chinese Revolution under the leadership of Mao-Tse-Tung, some Naxalite started this insurgency in India, for the first time in 1967 in West Bengal.

→ Since independence, the insurgency in North eastern India has been a perennial problem for India. These rebellion organizations have been struggling for the demand of separate state, to secure own political, economic interests, or on the questions of illegal immigration.

→ Jammu and Kashmir is an integral part of India. Still Pakistan is trying to capture it.

→ Terrorism has increased in Kashmir after 1988. As a result, many families of Kashmiri Pandits migrated to other places.

→ It creates feeling of fear and suspicion among the people because of the activities like fear, robbery, violence, etc.

→ As a result of terrorism, state and national transportation industry, tourism industries, etc. have to suffer a great loss.

→ The government has to spend crores of rupees for safety and protection.